Product modifications

Is adding remote access a substantial modification under the CRA?

Assess the change’s effect on essential-requirement compliance and the intended purpose. The feature name alone cannot establish whether it is a substantial modification.

Prepared by CRA Operations · Updated 2026-09-13 · Hypothetical worked examples

The situation

A manufacturer adds remote administration to a controller previously managed locally. New authentication, network exposure and maintenance paths may affect the earlier assessment. A documented finding of changed compliance and an unresolved finding should lead to different next actions.

Facts that change the answer

  • Does remote access affect compliance with an essential cybersecurity requirement?
  • Does it change the assessed intended purpose?
  • Is the product-wide security effect documented?

Compare the worked results

These examples use the published assessment with the assumptions shown below. Change the facts in your own assessment before relying on its result.

Manufacturer records a relevant compliance effect

Hypothetical example 1

Assessment resultsubstantial modification by original manufacturer
Key facts in this example
The change affects compliance with an applicable essential cybersecurity requirement
yes
Effect on the nature or level of cybersecurity risk
changes hazard or increases risk
All recorded assumptions (10)
Product with digital elements
Hypothetical example product
Physical or software change being assessed
Add remote administration to a previously local controller
The product was already placed on the Union market before this change
Yes
Person responsible for the change
original manufacturer
The modified product is made available on the Union market
yes
The change affects compliance with an applicable essential cybersecurity requirement
yes
The change modifies the intended purpose for which the product’s conformity was assessed
no
The change and its cybersecurity effects were foreseen in the initial risk assessment
yes
Effect on the nature or level of cybersecurity risk
changes hazard or increases risk
The affected part of the product and any product-wide cybersecurity impact are documented
Yes

Remote-access security effect remains uncertain

Hypothetical example 2

Assessment resultprofessional review required
Key facts in this example
The change affects compliance with an applicable essential cybersecurity requirement
uncertain
Effect on the nature or level of cybersecurity risk
uncertain
All recorded assumptions (10)
Product with digital elements
Hypothetical example product
Physical or software change being assessed
Add remote administration to a previously local controller
The product was already placed on the Union market before this change
Yes
Person responsible for the change
original manufacturer
The modified product is made available on the Union market
yes
The change affects compliance with an applicable essential cybersecurity requirement
uncertain
The change modifies the intended purpose for which the product’s conformity was assessed
no
The change and its cybersecurity effects were foreseen in the initial risk assessment
yes
Effect on the nature or level of cybersecurity risk
uncertain
The affected part of the product and any product-wide cybersecurity impact are documented
Yes

Evaluated on 2026-09-13 using EU Cyber Resilience Act substantial-modification determination, version 2026.09.02. A completed example is not a customer Record or a declaration of conformity.

Evidence to keep

  • Before-and-after interface and permission map
  • Updated risk assessment and test results
  • Change owner, affected releases and scope rationale

Keep source artifacts in their controlled systems and record their references, responsible owner and review date with the decision.

Your next step

Resolve uncertainty before treating the release as an ordinary update. When the substantial-modification test is met, plan the resulting conformity reassessment.

Choose your real product or vulnerability case in the workspace. The selected assessment will be highlighted; example answers are not copied into your record.

Sources and application dates

Manufacturer reporting applies from 11 September 2026. Broader product requirements apply from 11 December 2027; these product-readiness examples support preparation. Open-source-steward obligations have their own application date.

These examples structure a decision and do not replace the Regulation, official guidance or product-specific professional advice. Not lawyer-reviewed.

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